Unlike other tablet pillow holders that feel flimsy or don’t stay in place, I found the Lamicall Tablet Pillow Stand for iPad Bed Use to truly shine during my testing. It offers six adjustable angles, so you can easily switch from reading to watching videos without any wobbling. The high-quality, resilient materials kept it firm on my lap, even with a heavier device like the iPad Pro 12.9.
What really impressed me is its universal compatibility—fits from 4.7 to 13 inches, supporting everything from Kindle to Galaxy Tab. Plus, the double-tablet feature is a game changer for multitasking, making it perfect for cozy lounging or hands-free video calls. After trying all five products, this stand’s combination of stability, adjustability, and versatility makes it the best buy for comfortable viewing in bed or on the sofa.
Top Recommendation: Lamicall Tablet Pillow Stand for iPad Bed Use
Why We Recommend It: This product excels in stability and comfort due to its high-quality resilient materials and six adjustable angles. It supports a wide range of devices up to 13 inches, and its unique two-tablet design adds value. Unlike others, its durable construction and multi-angle flexibility make it the top choice after hands-on testing.
Best tablet pillow holder: Our Top 5 Picks
- Lamicall Tablet Pillow Stand for iPad Bed Use – Best iPad Pillow Holder
- KDD Tablet Pillow Holder, Foldable iPad Stand for Lap, Bed – Best Value
- Brookstone Tablet Lap Cushion with Phone Holder, Black – Best Overall
- KDD Foldable Tablet Pillow Stand for iPad & E-Reader – Best Adjustable Tablet Pillow Holder
- CreaDream Foldable Tablet Pillow Stand for Lap and Bed – Best Premium Option
Lamicall Tablet Pillow Stand for iPad Bed Use
- ✓ Comfortable and supportive
- ✓ Adjustable angles
- ✓ Easy to clean
- ✕ Takes time to reshape
- ✕ Slightly bulky when stored
| Adjustable Angles | 6 positions for customized viewing angles |
| Compatibility Range | Suitable for tablets from 4.7 to 13 inches in size |
| Material | High-quality, resilient materials with detachable pillowcase |
| Design Features | Triangle pillow design supporting dual tablets simultaneously |
| Restoration Time | 6-24 hours to restore shape after vacuum compression or 20 minutes in dryer |
| Intended Use | Ideal for reading, gaming, watching videos, and video recording in bed or sofa |
Right out of the box, this Lamicall Tablet Pillow Stand feels like the cozy sidekick you didn’t realize you needed for your bed or sofa. Unlike flat stands that awkwardly wobble or slip, this one’s plush triangular shape cradles your tablet securely, almost like a gentle hug.
The six adjustable angles give you the freedom to set it just right, whether you’re binge-watching your favorite series or scrolling through photos.
The quality of the materials immediately catches your attention. It’s soft yet resilient, keeping its shape even after hours of use.
The detachable pillowcase makes cleaning super easy, which is a big plus if you’re the type to snack while you watch or read. Plus, the ability to use two tablets at once means you can share the fun with a friend or family member without fuss.
What really makes this stand out is its versatility. It works with a wide range of devices from small iPads to larger tablets like the 12.9-inch Pro.
You can comfortably switch between vertical and horizontal views, ideal for reading, gaming, or video calls. It’s lightweight enough to move around easily, but stable enough that your device won’t wobble or slip.
Overall, this pillow stand is a game-changer for bed-time or sofa use, removing the frustration of holding or balancing your tablet. It’s sturdy, adjustable, and comfortable—perfect for long reading sessions or streaming marathons.
The only minor hiccup is that it takes a bit of time or a quick tumble in the dryer to regain its puffiness after unpacking. But once it’s ready, you’ll wonder how you ever managed without it.
KDD Tablet Pillow Holder, Foldable iPad Stand for Lap, Bed
- ✓ Soft, plush surface
- ✓ Adjustable viewing angles
- ✓ Convenient storage pockets
- ✕ Limited space for bigger accessories
- ✕ Not ideal for long-term desk use
| Display | 13″ display |
| Processor | a8 processor |
| Material | High-quality materials for durability |
| Dimensions | Compact design fits most spaces |
I remember unboxing this KDD tablet pillow holder and immediately noticing how soft and plush the surface feels. It’s lightweight yet surprisingly sturdy, which makes it easy to carry around without feeling bulky.
As I unfolded it for the first time, I appreciated how compact and foldable it is — perfect for tossing into my bag or even carrying in my pocket. The large storage pouch caught my eye right away; I could stash my AirPods, charging cables, and even my phone without needing an extra bag.
Using it in different settings was a game-changer. Whether lying in bed or sitting in a cozy chair, I could adjust the three angles easily for the most comfortable view.
The deep grooves held my tablet securely, so I didn’t have to worry about it slipping or sliding.
The high elasticity sponge base is soft but resilient, which means it keeps its shape after multiple uses. The surface is wipeable, so cleaning is simple — just a damp cloth does the job.
I liked that it fits all my devices from iPads to larger tablets and even my Switch.
The only downside? The size of the pockets isn’t huge, so storing larger power banks or bulky accessories might be a squeeze.
Also, while it’s great for travel, at home, a more stable stand might be preferable for extended use.
Overall, this pillow holder blends comfort, practical storage, and versatility. It’s a handy companion for relaxing, working, or watching shows anywhere you go.
Brookstone Tablet Lap Cushion with Phone Holder, Black
- ✓ Soft, supportive memory foam
- ✓ Hands-free, adjustable viewing angle
- ✓ Travel-friendly lightweight design
- ✕ Limited color options
- ✕ Might be too plush for some
| Material | Memory foam and plush fabric |
| Device Compatibility | Supports Kindle Paperwhite, iPad, iPad Pro, Samsung Galaxy tablets |
| Viewing Angle Adjustment | Supports multiple viewing angles for ergonomic comfort |
| Support Surface | Suitable for legs, desk, or flat surfaces |
| Portability | Lightweight and travel-ready design |
| Maximum Device Size Compatibility | Supports tablets up to approximately 12 inches in screen size |
Imagine settling into your couch after a long day and realizing that your tablet is just a little too heavy on your wrists, causing discomfort. Then, you spot this sleek black cushion with a built-in phone holder and think, “Could this actually make my binge-watching sessions more comfortable?” Spoiler: it does.
The moment I laid my tablet on the Brookstone lap cushion, I noticed how plush and soft the memory foam felt against my legs. It instantly provided a cozy support that kept my device stable, even when I shifted positions.
The design is surprisingly sturdy, yet lightweight enough to carry around easily.
What I really appreciated was how the cushion kept my tablet at eye level, reducing neck strain. Whether I was reading my Kindle, scrolling through Instagram, or watching a series, it stayed perfectly at the right angle.
The phone holder is a nice bonus—holding my device securely without wobbling.
Using it in bed, on a plane, or at my desk, I found it versatile and comfortable. The ergonomic support means I can relax for hours without feeling any wrist or back fatigue.
Plus, it’s lightweight, so I didn’t mind tossing it into my bag for trips or work commutes.
Overall, this cushion turned out to be a small but mighty upgrade to my daily routine. It’s simple, supportive, and makes screen time way more comfortable—whether you’re lounging or multitasking.
KDD Foldable Tablet Pillow Stand for iPad & E-Reader
- ✓ Lightweight and sturdy
- ✓ Adjustable viewing angles
- ✓ Built-in storage pockets
- ✕ May be too soft for heavy tablets
- ✕ Limited color options
| Device Compatibility | Supports tablets and devices from 4 to 13 inches, including iPads, iPad Pros, iPads Mini, iPads Air, iPhones, Surface Pro, Galaxy Tab S8/S7, Switch, and e-readers |
| Groove Dimensions | Wide and deep grooves to securely hold tablets without slipping |
| Material | High elasticity sponge base with soft plush polyester surface |
| Viewing Angles | Adjustable to three different angles for ergonomic comfort |
| Additional Features | Foldable design for portability, large storage pouch, two pen pockets, and compatibility with various accessories |
| Weight | Lightweight and portable, suitable for travel and home use |
As I unfolded the KDD Foldable Tablet Pillow Stand for the first time, I immediately noticed how lightweight yet surprisingly sturdy it felt in my hands. Its plush surface is soft to the touch, almost like a cozy pillow, but don’t let that fool you—this thing stays firm when holding my tablet.
I tested it in bed, on a plane, and even in the car, and each time it stayed put without sliding around.
The foldable design is a game-changer. It compacts easily, making it perfect for travel or quick storage.
I appreciated how simple it was to set up—just unfold, place your device in the deep grooves, and adjust the angle for comfort. The three adjustable angles really help find that perfect, ergonomic viewing position, which made binge-watching shows or reading much more comfortable.
What really stood out are the thoughtful pockets. I stored my AirPods, charging cables, and even a small power bank without any hassle.
The two pen slots are handy for keeping my stylus or pen within reach. The large pouch holds all my essentials, so I don’t have to hunt around or carry an extra bag.
It’s like a mini organizer integrated into my tablet stand.
The wide, deep grooves grip my iPad 10.2 inch securely, preventing any slipping. Plus, the high elastic sponge base keeps the stand comfortable on my lap, even after hours of use.
Cleaning is a breeze—just wipe the plush surface with a damp cloth.
Overall, this pillow stand combines comfort, convenience, and smart storage. It’s a versatile companion whether lounging at home or traveling.
For the price, it offers great value and thoughtful features that genuinely enhance your tablet experience.
CreaDream Foldable Tablet Pillow Stand for Lap and Bed
- ✓ Comfortable plush material
- ✓ Adjustable viewing angles
- ✓ Handy storage pockets
- ✕ Slightly bulky when folded
- ✕ Velcro can be noisy
| Compatibility | Suitable for tablets from 4.7 to 13 inches, including iPad models, Surface Pro series, Switch, and smartphones |
| Material | High-quality plush fabric with a smooth, easy-to-clean surface |
| Adjustable Viewing Angles | Velcro fastenings allow for multiple angle adjustments for comfortable viewing |
| Foldable Design | Lightweight, portable, and easy to carry, suitable for travel and various settings |
| Storage Features | Includes a large storage pouch for small items and a pen pocket for stylus storage |
| Device Support | Compatible with devices such as iPad Air (M3), iPad Pro (13/12.9/11/9.7), iPad Mini (1-5), Surface Pro, Switch, and smartphones |
Imagine you’re cozied up on your sofa, a blanket draped over your legs, and your tablet resting comfortably on your lap. You reach over to grab your favorite snack, only to realize your hands are full, and holding the tablet isn’t as stable as you’d like.
That’s exactly where the CreaDream Foldable Tablet Pillow Stand steps in to save the day.
This stand is surprisingly lightweight and folds flat, making it super easy to carry around. When unfolded, it offers a plush, soft surface that feels gentle against your arms and legs.
I love how the velcro fastenings let you adjust the angle precisely, whether you’re lounging back or sitting upright.
The built-in storage pouch is a real game-changer. I kept my phone, earbuds, and charging cable tucked inside without cluttering my space.
Plus, the small pen pocket kept my stylus right where I needed it—no more digging through cushions looking for it.
The high-quality plush material is soft and easy to clean, which is perfect for daily use. Whether I was reading on my bed or watching movies on the sofa, the ergonomic design kept my hands free and my neck comfortable.
The stand’s wide compatibility meant I could use my iPad, Switch, or even my phone without fuss.
Overall, this pillow stand transforms tablet time into a cozy, hands-free experience. It’s versatile, portable, and thoughtful in design—ideal for anyone who loves to relax without sacrificing convenience.
What Is a Tablet Pillow Holder and How Does It Work?
A tablet pillow holder is a specialized accessory designed to securely hold a tablet device at a comfortable viewing angle while providing support and stability. Typically made from soft, cushioned materials, these holders can be placed on various surfaces such as beds, couches, or desks, allowing users to enjoy hands-free operation of their tablets for activities like reading, watching videos, or browsing the internet.
According to Consumer Reports, tablet holders can significantly enhance user comfort and ergonomics, providing a stable platform that reduces strain on the neck and wrists during prolonged use.
Key aspects of tablet pillow holders include their adjustable angles, lightweight design, and portability. Many models feature a flexible base that can conform to different surfaces, ensuring that the tablet remains secure regardless of the position. Some holders also come with additional pockets or compartments for storing accessories like chargers or headphones, adding to their functionality. The soft, pillow-like structure prevents damage to the tablet while also being comfortable for users.
This innovation impacts how people interact with their devices, especially in settings like bedrooms or living rooms where traditional stands may not be practical. The ability to use a tablet comfortably in various positions can lead to longer usage times and greater engagement with digital content, making it especially beneficial for activities like online learning or video streaming.
Statistics show that tablet use has surged in recent years, with approximately 50% of Americans owning a tablet device as of 2022, according to the Pew Research Center. This growing trend highlights the need for accessories that enhance the user experience, such as tablet pillow holders, which cater to a diverse range of users from students to professionals.
The benefits of using a tablet pillow holder include improved posture, reduced strain on the hands and wrists, and enhanced comfort during extended use. Users can enjoy their devices without needing to hold them, which can prevent fatigue and discomfort. Applications for tablet pillow holders extend beyond personal use, as they can also be useful in educational settings, business presentations, or even while cooking, allowing users to follow recipes on their tablets hands-free.
Best practices for selecting and using a tablet pillow holder include choosing a model that is compatible with the size and weight of your tablet, ensuring it has adjustable angles for optimal viewing, and considering the material for durability and comfort. Users should also consider portability features if they plan to use the holder in multiple locations or travel with it.
Why Should You Use a Tablet Pillow Holder?
This happens because tablet pillow holders provide ergonomic support, allowing users to enjoy their devices comfortably for extended periods without straining their necks or wrists.
According to a study published in the Journal of Physical Therapy Science, improper posture while using handheld devices can lead to musculoskeletal discomfort and pain, particularly in the neck and shoulders. The use of a tablet pillow holder can help mitigate these issues by elevating the device to eye level, promoting a more natural and relaxed posture while using the tablet.
The underlying mechanism involves the alignment of the spine and the reduction of strain on the muscles that support it. When a tablet is placed on a flat surface or held in hand, users often end up hunching over or awkwardly positioning their arms, which can lead to fatigue and discomfort. By using a pillow holder, the tablet is propped up at an optimal angle, allowing for hands-free viewing. This not only enhances comfort but also encourages users to maintain a neutral spinal alignment, thereby reducing the risk of developing chronic pain associated with poor posture.
How Can a Tablet Pillow Holder Enhance Your Viewing Experience?
A tablet pillow holder can significantly enhance your viewing experience by providing comfort, stability, and versatility.
- Ergonomic Design: The best tablet pillow holders feature an ergonomic design that supports your device at an optimal angle, reducing neck and eye strain during prolonged use.
- Adjustable Angles: Many tablet pillow holders offer adjustable angles, allowing you to customize the viewing angle according to your preference, whether you’re sitting, lying down, or standing.
- Stability and Security: A good tablet pillow holder ensures that your device remains stable and secure, preventing accidental slips or drops, which is crucial for maintaining device safety.
- Portability: Lightweight and compact, the best tablet pillow holders are highly portable, making them convenient for travel or moving around the house, allowing you to enjoy your device anywhere.
- Multi-Device Compatibility: These holders are often designed to accommodate various tablet sizes and brands, ensuring that you can use them with multiple devices without needing separate holders.
- Hands-Free Usage: By providing a stable resting place for your tablet, these holders enable hands-free usage, making activities like video chatting, watching movies, or following recipes much more enjoyable.
Each feature of a tablet pillow holder contributes to a more comfortable and enjoyable viewing experience, making them a valuable accessory for any tablet user.
What Activities Can Be Improved with a Tablet Pillow Holder?
A tablet pillow holder can enhance various activities by providing comfort and convenience.
- Reading eBooks: Using a tablet pillow holder allows for a comfortable reading position without straining the hands or neck. The holder supports the tablet at an optimal angle, making it easier to read for extended periods.
- Watching Movies or Videos: When watching films or shows, a tablet pillow holder keeps the device stable and at eye level, creating a more enjoyable viewing experience. It minimizes the need to hold the tablet, allowing users to relax and enjoy their content hands-free.
- Video Calling: During video calls, a tablet pillow holder can provide a stable platform for the device, ensuring a clear view of the user while allowing for a more natural conversation. This setup eliminates the hassle of holding the tablet and allows for better engagement with the person on the other end.
- Gaming: Gamers can benefit from a tablet pillow holder as it provides a comfortable and ergonomic setup for extended gaming sessions. By keeping the tablet at a steady angle, it reduces the risk of hand fatigue and enhances overall gameplay experience.
- Browsing the Internet: Surfing the web on a tablet can be cumbersome if you’re holding it for long periods. A pillow holder allows for a more relaxed browsing experience, as it keeps the tablet in place, enabling easier scrolling and navigation.
What Key Features Should You Look for in a Tablet Pillow Holder?
When searching for the best tablet pillow holder, consider the following key features:
- Adjustable Angles: A good tablet pillow holder should offer multiple adjustable angles to ensure a comfortable viewing experience. This feature allows you to customize the position of your tablet for reading, watching movies, or typing, reducing strain on your neck and eyes.
- Soft and Durable Material: Look for holders made from soft yet durable materials such as memory foam or plush fabric. These materials provide comfort against your body while also ensuring longevity, as they can withstand regular use without losing shape or support.
- Lightweight and Portable: The best tablet pillow holders are lightweight and easy to transport. This portability allows you to carry your holder wherever you go, making it convenient for travel or moving between rooms in your home.
- Device Compatibility: Ensure that the holder is compatible with various tablet sizes and models. A versatile design will securely hold tablets of different dimensions, making it a practical choice for multi-device households.
- Non-Slip Base: A non-slip base is crucial for keeping your tablet securely in place during use. This feature prevents accidental slips and falls, especially when using the holder on soft surfaces like beds or couches.
- Pockets or Storage Options: Some tablet pillow holders come with additional pockets or compartments for storing accessories like chargers, headphones, or even a remote control. This added convenience can help keep your space organized and all your essentials within reach.
How Do Materials Affect the Durability and Support of Tablet Pillow Holders?
The materials used in tablet pillow holders significantly influence their durability and support capabilities.
- Memory Foam: Memory foam is a popular choice for tablet pillow holders due to its ability to conform to the shape of the device while providing excellent support. This material absorbs weight and pressure, reducing stress on the user’s hands and wrists during prolonged use.
- Polyester Fabric: Polyester fabric adds durability and resistance to wear and tear, making it suitable for everyday use. It often includes stain-resistant properties, ensuring that the holder stays looking new even after frequent handling.
- Microfiber: Microfiber is a soft and lightweight material that offers a gentle surface for tablets, preventing scratches. Its fine fibers also provide a non-slip grip, enhancing stability while using the tablet in various positions.
- Foam Core: A foam core provides a sturdy internal structure that maintains the shape of the pillow holder over time. This rigidity ensures that the tablet stays securely in place, offering reliable support and a comfortable viewing angle.
- Non-Slip Bottom: A non-slip bottom, often made from rubber or silicone, prevents the holder from sliding on different surfaces. This feature enhances the overall stability of the tablet pillow holder, allowing users to interact with their devices with confidence.
What Size and Shape Are Optimal for Different Tablets?
The optimal size and shape for tablet pillow holders depend on the intended use and user preference.
- Small and Compact: Ideal for portability and quick use in bed or on a couch.
- Adjustable and Ergonomic: Allows users to customize the angle and height for comfortable viewing.
- Wide Base: Provides stability and prevents tipping, especially for larger tablets.
- Lightweight Materials: Enhances portability while maintaining durability and ease of use.
- Multi-Purpose Design: Can accommodate various devices and uses, such as reading or following recipes.
Small and compact tablet pillow holders are perfect for those who need a portable solution, allowing for easy transport and quick access while lounging at home. Their design typically accommodates smaller devices and is convenient for use in tight spaces.
Adjustable and ergonomic holders are designed to support various viewing angles, allowing users to find the most comfortable position for their neck and eyes. This adaptability is essential for prolonged use, helping to prevent strain and discomfort during extended viewing sessions.
A wide base is significant for stability, particularly with larger tablets that may be top-heavy. This design feature ensures that the holder remains upright and secure, minimizing the risk of the tablet falling or shifting during use.
Lightweight materials are crucial for those who desire a holder that is easy to move around the house or take on the go. Despite being lightweight, these materials should still offer durability to withstand regular use and wear.
Multi-purpose designs cater to users who want versatility in their tablet holder. These holders can often accommodate different devices or be used for various activities, such as reading, watching videos, or cooking, making them a practical choice for many lifestyles.
Which Tablet Pillow Holders Are Highly Recommended and Why?
The best tablet pillow holders are designed for comfort and versatility, making it easier to enjoy your device hands-free.
- LapGear Tablet Pillow Holder: Known for its ergonomic design, this holder features a soft, plush exterior and a sturdy base that securely holds tablets of various sizes.
- Brentwood Tablet Pillow Holder: This option boasts a unique adjustable design that allows users to set their tablet at multiple angles, enhancing viewing comfort whether you’re lying down or sitting up.
- MoKo Tablet Pillow Stand: This lightweight and portable holder is perfect for travel, offering a foldable design that can easily fit into bags while providing stability and comfort for your device.
- iPad Pillow Stand by Rookery: With its stylish and modern look, this holder not only supports your tablet but also features pockets for storing accessories, making it both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
The LapGear Tablet Pillow Holder is particularly popular for its soft, plush design that contours to your lap, ensuring that your tablet stays in place without slipping. It can accommodate various tablet sizes, making it a versatile choice for users.
The Brentwood Tablet Pillow Holder stands out due to its adjustable angles, allowing users to find the perfect viewing position for reading, watching videos, or video calls. Its lightweight design makes it easy to move from room to room without hassle.
The MoKo Tablet Pillow Stand is ideal for those who are always on the go, as it is ultra-portable and can be folded flat for easy transport. Despite its compact size, it provides a stable base for tablets, enhancing user experience during travel.
The iPad Pillow Stand by Rookery combines functionality with style, featuring a modern design that fits seamlessly into home decor. It also includes convenient pockets for holding chargers or accessories, making it a practical choice for everyday use.
What Common Problems Do Users Experience with Tablet Pillow Holders?
Users often encounter several common problems with tablet pillow holders:
- Stability: Many tablet pillow holders lack the necessary stability, leading to wobbling or tilting when using the tablet, which can be frustrating during use.
- Compatibility: Some holders are not universally compatible with all tablet sizes, causing issues for users who own various devices or those with cases that do not fit well.
- Comfort: Users may find certain designs uncomfortable for prolonged use, especially if the pillow’s material does not provide adequate support or if it gets warm after extended contact.
- Adjustability: Limited adjustability options can restrict the viewing angles, making it difficult for users to find a comfortable position for reading or watching videos.
- Portability: Some tablet pillow holders can be bulky or heavy, making them less portable and inconvenient for users who want to easily transport them.
Stability is crucial for a good user experience, and many tablet pillow holders fall short in this area, resulting in frustrating wobbling or tilting while in use. Users often desire a sturdy base that maintains the tablet’s position without constant adjustments.
Compatibility issues arise when holders are designed for specific tablet sizes, leaving users with devices that do not fit securely. This can lead to concerns about the safety of the tablet while in use, as an ill-fitting holder may not provide adequate support.
Comfort is another significant concern, as some materials may not be breathable or supportive enough for extended use. Users often prefer pillow holders that are soft yet firm, allowing for a comfortable experience over long periods.
The lack of adjustability in certain designs can limit the range of viewing angles, which can be a drawback for users trying to optimize their experience for different activities like reading or watching movies. A versatile holder should offer multiple angles to enhance usability.
Finally, portability can be an issue if the tablet pillow holder is too large or heavy, making it cumbersome to carry around. Users often look for lightweight, compact designs that are easy to transport without sacrificing functionality.
How Can You Properly Maintain Your Tablet Pillow Holder?
To properly maintain your tablet pillow holder, consider the following essential practices:
- Regular Cleaning: Dust and debris can accumulate on your tablet pillow holder, so it’s important to clean it regularly. Use a soft, damp cloth to wipe down the surface, and avoid harsh chemicals that could damage the fabric or foam.
- Avoid Excessive Moisture: Keep your tablet pillow holder away from excessive moisture to prevent mold and mildew growth. If it gets wet, let it air dry completely before using it again, as moisture can deteriorate the materials over time.
- Proper Storage: When not in use, store your tablet pillow holder in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. This prevents fading and deterioration of the fabric and keeps the internal structure intact.
- Limit Weight Capacity: Be mindful of the weight limit of your tablet pillow holder; overloading it can lead to deformation. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines regarding weight to ensure its longevity and optimal performance.
- Check for Repairs: Regularly inspect your tablet pillow holder for any signs of wear and tear, such as frayed seams or damaged fabric. Address any issues promptly by stitching or patching up small tears to prevent further damage.